“The supervisor
beats us.”
“I have swallowed
much fume. When you have gas inside your body you can’t eat.”
“I drink water, but
it’s so polluted I feel that I drink metal. I have no choice.”
“When I’m lying on
my bed the images of the dead come back.”
Emaciated men with
torn clothing, dulled eyes and missing fingers carry cables caked with rust on
bare shoulders made browner with dried blood. Scarred young boys in toxic slick
mud up to their knees drag themselves barefoot into the oiled earth to find
sharp scraps of iron. The June heat blazes and seems to thicken the polluted
air and louden the blasting and pounding. Atop ships far larger than I ever
imagined are men the size of fingernails. Security guards dressed in blue leaf
camouflage and strapped with semi-automatic machine guns stand at the gates in
front of weathered billboards that read: “No Child Labor. Safety First.”
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| Shipbreaking in Chittagong |
|
Viscerally, it’s
all too clear. Slavery exists here. As does exploitative child labor. And black
ocean waters. And black plume skies brightened only with blowtorch flame. The
industry seems to flaunt its illegalities like badges of honor. I’m not the
first to paint the hell-on-earth picture of “the yards” and hopefully I’m not
the last. But while pictures may be worth a thousand words they can’t share a
full-bodied story the way Daniel Schorn of CBS did in 2009. His opening
paragraph has become the mantra of those looking to reform the shipbreaking
industry:
“We all know how
ships are born, how majestic vessels are nudged into the ocean with a bottle of
champagne. But few of us know how they die. And hundreds of ships meet their
death every year. From five-star ocean liners, to grubby freighters, literally
dumped with all their steel, their asbestos, their toxins on the beaches of
some of the poorest countries in the world, countries like Bangladesh.”
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| Shipbreaking in Chittagong |
|
I came to
Chittagong to study Bangladesh’s efforts to combat malaria among the hill tract
people for a book titled Malaria: Poems, but I quickly became enthralled with
shipbreaking. I’d never heard of it or even thought about what happens to old
ships until I began researching Chittagong, and even then I naively assumed
that because the BBC and others had internationally lambasted it that, ya know,
things had been fixed.
My first impression
of the yards was one of fear. The ships are the size of buildings and tilted at
all sorts of angles due to the wet sand. It seemed that they had to fall, that
no matter how they fell they could crush people within miles on all sides. Once
the fear receded disappointment rushed in. First it was an unfounded
disappointment at the local community for sitting back and allowing this to
continue. Second was disappointment in the international community for not
stepping in with the mighty world-policing powers of which I’m rarely a fan.
Third was disappointment at the craft to which I’ve given a considerable
portion of my life. Terrific writers have covered this problem, I thought to
myself as I gazed out into the madness, yet it is still here menacing in my
face and ugly as hell. This last disappointment of course became a personal
disappointment. What the hell am I doing with my life?
 |
| Shipbreaking in Chittagong |
|
Muhammad Ali Shahin
is the Program Manager for Advocacy at Young Power in Social Action (YPSA) in
Chittagong. YPSA is by far the most diverse and effective NGO I’ve come across
in all my travels. Through them I saw stroke patients they had rehabilitated
cry with joy at each step because of their ability to walk again. I met tribes
people in secluded mountains who no longer feared malaria because YPSA had
provided them with nets and a clinic at the bottom of the hill. I met an entire
community of blind people thrilled to have a purpose in life now that YPSA had
trained them how to type and create audiobooks from textbooks – they were
working to create audio lectures on family planning when I first met them.
Though YPSA has programs in HIV/AIDS prevention, sustainable economic
development, anti-malaria efforts and support for disabled peoples, among
others, Muhammad specializes in the shipbreaking industry and it was clear
within two minutes of meeting him why.
“I know you have
questions but let me first give you these pictures,” he said as he handed me a
stack of about twenty framed photographs. He sat down beside me, put a
humongous fan on the chair in front of us and turned it on full blast. “You ready?”
he asked, his voice undulating through the fan’s blades. I nodded yes and so it
began.
Each picture
contained stories within stories. On a black-and-white picture of a man in a
hospital room: “I was there the day it happened. A ship part fell and nearly
split his head in half. I saw bits of his brain. We rushed him to the hospital
and told his family and they were all scared to death that they’d have to sell
their land and cows and house for treatment that may not work. I went to the
shipbreaking boss and totally lost it. ‘Your worker is dying from that damn
yard and through no fault of his own. Get in here and cover these costs or else
you will find yourself in every single newspaper in the world by tomorrow
morning!’
And on he went. One
incredible story after another. Muhammad was no reciting robot either, he told
all of these as though for the first time and with most stories I saw tears
filling his eyes. It made me wonder if the fan was to cool us off or to dry his
tears. I admit using it for both.
“At 29 years-of-age
most ships by law must be broken down and Chittagong is considered the #1 place
in the world where this happens,” he said.
“Where do the
workers come from?”
“They are migrant
men and boys coming from some of the poorest regions in Bangladesh. They are
considered machines; if one dies another will replace him. They live up to
twenty in small huts often lacking sanitation. They are contract workers and
are in no way given the opportunity to organize themselves; trade unions are
not allowed. There is no complete recording of accidents or death at the
shipbreaking yards; dead and non-identified workers still get thrown out to
sea, leaving a widow and children with no news and no income.”
“I know Syeda
Rizwana Hasan won the 2009 Goldman Prize which is basically the Nobel Prize for
Environment. Because of this, aren’t there laws the shipbreaking owners have to
abide by in terms of environmental impact?” I wondered.
“Oh yes. There are
a bunch of laws that either aren’t maintained or are filled with loopholes.
Some laws state that ships have to be pre-cleaned of any toxic substances
before being sent here. Doesn’t happen. According to the Environment
Conservation Act, an industry like shipbreaking is supposed to take certain
environmental measures to break a ship, but they don’t. And because its
standards are not maintained in the yards, provisions in the Labour Act have
also been categorically violated.
It must further be
understood that the shipbreaking industry, as many other areas of Bangladeshi
reality, is corrupt. Mafia-like structures are controlling the yards and in
collusion with some government officials they are earning enormous sums of
money. As an informal sector shipbreaking avoids having to comply with existing
labor legislation; as an informal sector shipbreakers also have to pay high
taxes. It seems therefore that the yard owners pay for a blind governmental
eye. The ship-owners are making huge profits as well by selling their ships to
Bangladesh. These profits too are corrupt as many ship-owners hide behind
post-box companies registered in countries that turn a blind eye to existing
human rights and environmental legislation.”
“What are the
actual environmental impacts? Have you had researchers come in?” I asked. “I
saw what I saw and it was gross but it seems the guards with machine guns…” I
trailed off.
“Everyone in the
world relies on the ocean whether they realize it or not. Nowhere is this
clearer than Chittagong. Most of the materials on ships such as asbestos, PCBs,
lead, cadmium, organotins, arsenic, zinc and chromium, black oil and burned oil
have been defined as hazardous waste under the Basel Convention. Many of our
people survive solely on fish that now no longer exist because these ships are
being cut up by hand and on open beaches and with no consideration given to
safe and environmentally-friendly waste management practices. Something like
this ensures that a developing country stays forever developing….”
“It seems that the
developed countries, in one sense, are creating employment here in a way that
provides a short-term paycheck yet long-term and irreversible consequences.
What can be done of this?”
“The polluter pays
principle must be enforced. It must be. Developed countries should take
responsibility for pre-cleaning vessels as far as possible before exporting
them to developing countries. Poor countries and their territories are not
dustbins or a dumping place for the developed world. This only widens the gap
between rich and poor. People who live in developing countries have the same
right to a decent job and they too need to breathe fresh air. Believe me when I
say that Bangladesh has enough problems to deal with. We are one of the
countries suffering the most from climate change resulting from the developed
world’s CO2 emissions, not our emissions. Waste emission from shipbreaking is
not our waste.”
 |
| Chittagong Shipbreaking Yard |
“What would you say
to someone who says you simply want to end this industry completely?”
“NGOs and media
have been campaigning for so many years on this shipbreaking issue and they’ve
never urged an end to the industry. They simply urged for national and
international labor and environmental laws to be respected and enforced. If
somebody is saying that NGOs want to stop shipbreaking then we have to assume
that the yard owners and international players of shipbreaking want to avoid
the compliance issues by blaming NGOs.
The highest court
of Bangladesh also gave orders in line with the Basel Convention but there have
been little if any changes to the hazardous practices. Yes, this industry
provides much of our resource needs. Yes, it employs a ton of our people. But
all of this should not come with a stipulation that says our ocean will be
destroyed and our men and boys will subject to hell-on-earth. Do I want the
industry to end? Of course not. But if it won’t follow some very basic rules
regarding human rights then it shouldn’t exist whatsoever. We are poor but
first we are humans.”
What I saw remains
burned in my brain even a full month later. When I see dilapidated houses I see
ships. When I saw a rainbow last week I saw the rainbow swirls of oil on top of
the ocean. Although I know that the ocean, decimated by this process, will
spread these men’s struggle to everyone in the country, it is the children
working on the yards that still rip at my emotions. Their faces. Their little
scarred bodies. The billboards in English that stood on the legs of mockery,
reading “No Child Labor”.
 |
| Shipbreaking in Chittagong |
Ideally, all
children would be at school. This goes for both developed and developing
countries. But ideals alone cannot bend necessity, especially when necessity is
wrapped in the soft blanket of cultural custom. Children here in Bangladesh
often need to work to help their families or simply do so because that’s the
way it’s always been. Perhaps then, at least for now, the battle lines should
be redrawn as it relates to child labor here. If we erase but leave the crucial
traces of “Eradicate all child labor” and replace it with “All child labor is
not created equal” maybe we can take a lesson from the yards and chisel away at
the beast piece by piece. After all, there is a difference between the child
happily helping mom hand out biscuits in a poor tea village and the child
standing in toxic waste while breaking asbestos with a bat.
How can those faraway
help? Of course, spreading awareness helps even if it’s through a Facebook
“Like” or a Twitter “Retweet,” but a more tangible approach is to support those
on-the-ground warriors who live and breathe this battle’s intricacies. Here are
a few:
Local:
Muhammad Ali
Shahin, YPSA, Email: shahin41077 (at) gmail.com
International:
- Unicef Bangladesh
- Shipbreaking
Platform
- International
Federation for Human Rights
Source: 19 July 2012. BY CAMERON CONAWAY
